The 27 Nithya Yogas in Panchang

A panchang ("five limbs") describes each moment by five factors: the weekday (vara), the lunar day (tithi), the Moon's nakshatra, the karana (half-tithi) and the yoga. This last one, called the nithya yoga (daily yoga) to distinguish it from the planetary yogas of a birth chart, is the least understood. This guide explains how it is calculated, lists all 27 and shows how they are used.

How the nithya yoga is calculated

1. Take the sidereal longitudes of the Sun and the Moon (counted from 0 degrees Aries).
2. Add them. If the sum is over 360 degrees, subtract 360.
3. Divide by 13 degrees 20 minutes (13.333 degrees), the same span as a nakshatra.
4. The whole number of the result, plus one, is the yoga number.

Example: Sun at 100 degrees (10 degrees Cancer), Moon at 200 degrees (20 degrees Libra). The sum is 300. 300 / 13.333 = 22.5, so the yoga is number 23, Shubha.

Because the Sun and Moon both move forward, their sum grows by roughly 13 to 16 degrees a day, so a yoga lasts about a day, with each one ending at a different clock time. A tithi uses the difference between the Moon and the Sun; the yoga uses their sum.

The 27 yogas

No.	Yoga	Traditional meaning	Nature
1	Vishkambha	Support, pillar	Inauspicious start
2	Priti	Affection	Auspicious
3	Ayushman	Long life	Auspicious
4	Saubhagya	Good fortune	Auspicious
5	Shobhana	Splendour	Auspicious
6	Atiganda	Great obstacle	Inauspicious start
7	Sukarma	Good deeds	Auspicious
8	Dhriti	Steadiness	Auspicious
9	Shula	Spear, pain	Inauspicious start
10	Ganda	Obstacle, knot	Inauspicious start
11	Vriddhi	Growth	Auspicious
12	Dhruva	Fixed, constant	Auspicious
13	Vyaghata	Blow	Inauspicious start
14	Harshana	Joy	Auspicious
15	Vajra	Thunderbolt	Inauspicious start
16	Siddhi	Accomplishment	Auspicious
17	Vyatipata	Calamity	Avoided entirely
18	Variyan	Comfort, excellence	Auspicious
19	Parigha	Barrier, iron bar	First half avoided
20	Shiva	Auspicious, peaceful	Auspicious
21	Siddha	Accomplished	Auspicious
22	Sadhya	Achievable	Auspicious
23	Shubha	Good, bright	Auspicious
24	Shukla	White, pure	Auspicious
25	Brahma	Creator, knowledge	Auspicious
26	Indra	Leadership	Auspicious
27	Vaidhriti	Separation, poor support	Avoided entirely

Spellings vary between panchangs and languages: Shobhana appears as Sobhana or Sobhanam, Shula as Soola, Variyan as Vareeyan, Vaidhriti as Vaithruthi.

Using the yogas for Muhurtha

In choosing a time for a new undertaking (a wedding, house-warming, opening a business), panchang makers traditionally:

• Avoid Vyatipata and Vaidhriti completely. Their periods are also considered good times for prayer, charity and ancestral rites rather than worldly beginnings.
• Avoid the opening portion of Vishkambha, Atiganda, Shula, Ganda, Vyaghata and Vajra; the rest of the yoga is usable. Texts differ on exactly how many ghatikas to skip.
• Avoid the first half of Parigha.
• Prefer the auspicious yogas, with Siddhi, Siddha, Shubha and Shukla often singled out.

The yoga is only one of the five limbs. A good Muhurtha balances all of them with the Lagna at the chosen time, so a single unfavourable limb is rarely decisive by itself.

Your birth yoga

The yoga at the moment of birth is part of a person's panchang, alongside the birth tithi, weekday, nakshatra and karana. Traditional texts give each birth yoga a temperament: Priti born are affectionate, Sukarma born kind and dutiful, Dhriti born patient, Indra born natural leaders, and so on. The names of the "inauspicious" yogas do not describe the person: someone born in Parigha or Ganda yoga may simply show a determined, obstacle-breaking temperament. Read the birth yoga as a gentle colouring, not a verdict. The birth tithi is read in the same spirit.

Nithya yogas versus other "yogas"

The word yoga is used in three different ways in astrology:

1. Nithya yogas: the 27 Sun-plus-Moon divisions described here.
2. Anandadi yogas: 28 yogas formed by the weekday and the Moon's nakshatra, also listed in many panchangs.
3. Chart yogas: planetary combinations in a horoscope such as Gaja Kesari or Raja yoga.

Mixing them up causes a lot of confusion, so always check which kind a panchang or article means.

Summary

The nithya yoga is the sum of the Sun's and Moon's sidereal longitudes divided into 27 parts of 13 degrees 20 minutes, from Vishkambha to Vaidhriti. Nine are traditionally inauspicious for beginning new work, Vyatipata and Vaidhriti most of all, while the birth yoga only adds a mild flavour to personality.

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